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Topic: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

Hi everyone!

I would like to discuss the pros/cons and engineering challenges one would face in order to create a 3D printer capable of printing in metal.

I have created an open source initiative (linked to below) that deals with this subject, there is quite a bit of information that has been amassed on the subject, so it is worth checking out...

metalbot.org

From what I have learned, the two limiting factors with 3D printing have always been a - strength of the printed parts and b - part resolution. Hopefully it is possible to solve both of these problems by designing printer that works through a process called 'laser sintering' (although a few other avenues are being pursued).

I would be more than happy to answer any questions to the best of my knowledge!

Best regards,

Jethro.

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

So, am I assuming correctly, instead of an adhesive spray being laid down with each layer, a CO2 laser is used to fuse each layer? If so, neat.

No trees were harmed in the creation of this email, though some electrons were horribly inconvenienced.

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

might want to just join the reprap projects that deal with 3d printing...It's unclear what you would have to offer to a brand new initiative.

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

That is really cool may need to start saving

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

I can think of a variety of ways it could be done, but I doubt anything like this will reach consumer pricing. What would be your hopeful retail estimate?

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

so basically MIG welder + solidoodle =  3d metal printing smile

7 (edited by iowajames 2013-04-30 13:35:46)

Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

badgravity wrote:

so basically MIG welder + solidoodle =  3d metal printing smile

I chuckled at this XD. Imagine the help topics that would ensue: "how to stop weld spatter?" - "Help! I think my hot end is too hot, it's red!" - "How to unclog copper nozzle?" - "Power supply keeps tripping house breakers" - "getting banding, bubbles, beads and breaks on every layer!" and so on. :-p
Seriously though, laser fusing particles per layer instead of gluing them sounds promising.
Price per unit would be scary and imagine the material costs... People would go from creating a filastruder to some sort of automated fine grinding from scrap metal machine.
I love new ideas and I think this idea could take off with a working proto and some kickstarter love.

No trees were harmed in the creation of this email, though some electrons were horribly inconvenienced.

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

iowajames wrote:

People would go from creating a filastruder to some sort of automated fine grinding from scrap metal machine.

And then the stories of explosions as people try to grind aluminum into powder.  yikes

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

badgravity wrote:

so basically MIG welder + solidoodle =  3d metal printing smile

I tried this on my plasma table once... it actually worked pretty good although I was just doing it to see how good of a bead I could get for straightline butt welds and logo welds and once dialed in I suspect it it would have had awesome results(compared to my hand) wink

10 (edited by Leghk 2013-04-30 18:09:38)

Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

Looking at selective laser sintering and direct metal laser sintering makes me think about combining something like the buildlog.net laser cutter with a way to lay material down, and a z-axis. Probably different optics too for a point rather than a near column, I suppose.

We live in interesting times!

Don: Folger Tech 2020 Kossel Rev A + Borosilicate + Snow Effector
        Davinci 1.0 + Repetier : Filastruder
        SD3 + RAMPS + Lawsy Carriages + E3D + Borosilicate + ... : Cupcake

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

Also, as I recall from skimming through the reprap.org forum for metal printing, there were also some important gas contamination issues needing sealed control chambers or vacuums to get the best results.

Mo' money, mo' money!

Don: Folger Tech 2020 Kossel Rev A + Borosilicate + Snow Effector
        Davinci 1.0 + Repetier : Filastruder
        SD3 + RAMPS + Lawsy Carriages + E3D + Borosilicate + ... : Cupcake

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

There might be something you can learn from the sunlight sintering. I don't have a link but I heard of people in the desert using just sunlight to sinter sand into glass

I edit my posts a lot.

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

frozensoda wrote:

There might be something you can learn from the sunlight sintering. I don't have a link but I heard of people in the desert using just sunlight to sinter sand into glass

Yeah, a team developed a 3D printer that used sun and sand I think.

No trees were harmed in the creation of this email, though some electrons were horribly inconvenienced.

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

frozensoda wrote:

There might be something you can learn from the sunlight sintering. I don't have a link but I heard of people in the desert using just sunlight to sinter sand into glass


http://www.soliforum.com/topic/1628/cou … facturing/

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

It depends on what you are looking to print. Using alloys that use lower temperatures you could be able to print like you do with plastic. Alloy spooled like solder is and the melted and extruded throught the head as it moves. The metal wonce extruded would be cooled slightly to a temparature just below melting but soft enough to let the layers fuse together. This would not be a hard metal result but more like you see used in minatures.

16 (edited by metalbot 2013-05-03 07:12:43)

Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

Hey guys!

So, am I assuming correctly, instead of an adhesive spray being laid down with each layer, a CO2 laser is used to fuse each layer? If so, neat.

Close smile . We will specifically use a YAG laser because CO2 lasers (due to their long wavelength) are pretty ineffective at melting metal.

might want to just join the reprap projects that deal with 3d printing...It's unclear what you would have to offer to a brand new initiative.

You might want to look at the thread where this whole idea came from... check the reprap forums - general catagory (as I can not post links).

That is really cool may need to start saving


And

I can think of a variety of ways it could be done, but I doubt anything like this will reach consumer pricing. What would be your hopeful retail estimate?

Considering that commercial systems start at $680,000 we have our work cut out... the biggest hurdle to an affordable price is the laser - we are hoping that it will cost no more than a small car.

so basically MIG welder + solidoodle =  3d metal printing smile

One of the avenues we are pursuing (although there is not much info on it at the moment) is induction printing where the print head is an induction heater that melts the wire as it is extruded, so, in a way, yes!

Seriously though, laser fusing particles per layer instead of gluing them sounds promising.
Price per unit would be scary and imagine the material costs... People would go from creating a filastruder to some sort of automated fine grinding from scrap metal machine.

This is the most promising technology so far because it allows us to create ANY geometry (everything is supported by the powder) the parts come out ready to use (no post processing except polishing) and are fully strong, equal to forged parts!

And then the stories of explosions as people try to grind aluminum into powder.  yikes

That would not be too good an idea...safety is a major concern, from high power lasers to flammable powders, there are certainly more dangers associated with 3D Metal Printing. It makes sense to take the proper precautions and have clear cut DO's and DON'Ts.

Also, as I recall from skimming through the reprap.org forum for metal printing, there were also some important gas contamination issues needing sealed control chambers or vacuums to get the best results.

Mo' money, mo' money!

The reprap metalicarap project uses EBM (electron beam melting) which requires a high vacuum and mucho $. A laser does not require a vacuum. We do need an inert argon atmosphere however, because powdered titanium burns in the presence of oxygen (think ingredient in fireworks).

Best, Jethro.

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

Isn't this what Shapeways does?  They can produce 3D prints in both stainless steel and silver.

Nick

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

Hi nfhill...

Shapeways uses a completely different and inferior process to laser sintering. Shapeways metal doesn't nearly have the resolution or strength capability to be used in usefull engineering application.

From the shapeways website:

3D printed stainless steel has a slightly pitted surface finish for that vintage, steam punk look. This material can be polished smoother for jewelry, structural parts, and anything in between. Shapeways 3D printed stainless steel is very strong and rigid with similar properties to 420 stainless steel, except it is infused with a bronze content of up to 30%. This gives some Stainless Steel objects a slightly bronze hue.

We deposit small drops of glue onto layers of stainless steel powder. Then a new layer of powder is spread and the process repeats until we have a fully printed tray. Then we take the printed objects out carefully. In this stage of the process, the objects are very fragile–similar to wet sand. After, we sprue the objects together and infuse them with bronze. Items closer to the bronze infusion start point will absorb more bronze. These items might look more golden than other items. We are working on standardizing the colors, but in the meanwhile, there will be some color differences in the models you may receive (see picture above). Then, we cut off the objects from the tree and polish them with a tumbler. Depending on how fragile the printed objects are we use different polishing media. This is why some objects may have a slightly shinier surface than others. After polishing,we spray on a sealant and ship to your doorstep.

This material is watertight, is dishwasher safe, not recyclable, and not foodsafe. It is heatproof to 831C/1528F degrees. Higher temperatures may significantly change material properties.

Best!

Jethro.

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

Just a quick update for the interested... there are some top notch ideas going around!

We have decided, for now at least, to put a "laser scanner" on the back burner and go with a Gantry. So some form of CNC software in combination with a slicer will be used.

Check out some preliminary designs for the Metalbot printer...

If you have google sketchup you can download the model, just do a search for 'metalbot'.

Best!

Jethro.

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

You guys ought to check out Arcam.  They use a process called EBM (electron beam melting) is which an electron laser is diffracted by an electromagnet and up to 55 simultaneous weld pools can be created from a single beam.  Currently, they can print with stainless steel, cobalt chromium, and titanium.  I'm actually standing next to three of their machines right now.

Cost is a major prohibitive issue though.  One unit costs ~$1,000,000.

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

Hi everyone!

Quick update: It has been a few months and the Metalbot project is slowly coming together!

Check out what is going on: metalbot.org

We have had loads of great ideas and there are quite a few very interesting projects unfolding at the moment (take a look at the projects section).

We are slowly working towards a preliminary design and there are a lot of options now so if you guys have any ideas, please send them our way!

All the best,

Jethro.

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

mlove01001101 wrote:

You guys ought to check out Arcam.  They use a process called EBM (electron beam melting) is which an electron laser is diffracted by an electromagnet and up to 55 simultaneous weld pools can be created from a single beam.  Currently, they can print with stainless steel, cobalt chromium, and titanium.  I'm actually standing next to three of their machines right now.

Cost is a major prohibitive issue though.  One unit costs ~$1,000,000.

So, they've found a use for all those old CRT TV sets? :-).

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

there are already 3d printers that do metal sintering.  They are commercial ones right now but its nothing new...just expensive

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

chuddly wrote:

there are already 3d printers that do metal sintering.  They are commercial ones right now but its nothing new...just expensive

You're missing the point. This is for an Open Source metal sintering 3D printer. Of which there are exactly zero. (There is an open-source bot that does metal but only for flat shapes and thus isn't 3D; and there is an open-source bot that prints material good for casting, and thus isn't metal.)




Anyway, no offense metalbot, but it doesn't look like experimentation for this isn't moving forward in leaps and bounds, or else the documentation of efforts is not very thorough.

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Re: Open Source 3D Metal Printing !

...and in some cases, perhaps we should wonder, Why Metal? Because, in some cases, plastics like Polycarbonate can serve as well. Or perhaps metal-filled plastics if electrical conductivity is the point. Maybe a printer that squirts a paste like Bare Metal or a printer that feeds on silver solder.

Of course, there are times when a man just needs to get hammered and nothing hammers better than steel.

Robox printer, HICTOP (Prusa i3 variant) Model 3DP17 printer, ELEK 2.5W laser engraver, AutoDesk 123D Design, Windows 10