From EEPROM Retrieve Settings function in ConfigurationStore.cpp in Marlin:
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,axis_steps_per_unit);
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,max_feedrate);
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,max_acceleration_units_per_sq_second);
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,acceleration);
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,retract_acceleration);
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,minimumfeedrate);
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,mintravelfeedrate);
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,minsegmenttime);
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,max_xy_jerk);
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,max_z_jerk);
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,max_e_jerk);
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,add_homeing);
#ifndef ULTIPANEL
int plaPreheatHotendTemp, plaPreheatHPBTemp, plaPreheatFanSpeed;
int absPreheatHotendTemp, absPreheatHPBTemp, absPreheatFanSpeed;
#endif
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,plaPreheatHotendTemp);
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,plaPreheatHPBTemp);
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,plaPreheatFanSpeed);
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,absPreheatHotendTemp);
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,absPreheatHPBTemp);
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,absPreheatFanSpeed);
#ifndef PIDTEMP
float Kp,Ki,Kd;
#endif
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,Kp);
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,Ki);
EEPROM_READ_VAR(i,Kd);
SERIAL_ECHO_START;
SERIAL_ECHOLNPGM("Stored settings retreived:");
The default values are derived from the initial settings in firmware for all the above variables. The variable names more or less align with whats in Slic3r for the obvious stuff (and the Preheat stuff is for use with an LCD....)